Breakthrough in brain-computer interfaces made in Shanghai with 10 speech-impaired participants realizing ‘speaking with their minds’

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Researchers in Shanghai have made a major clinical-stage breakthrough in brain-computer interfaces (BCI) researches by allowing participants realizing “speaking with their minds” through the computer connected with their brains, expected to bring hope to patients with speech loss caused by conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke. 

During the joint research conducted by Shanghai Yansi Brain-inspired Artificial Intelligence Institute and the Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, researchers enabled 10 participants with implanted brain electrodes to have the Chinese sentences they intended to say to be displayed in real time on the computer screen by decoding their brain activity after a short training period. This clinical-stage breakthrough offers hope for speech-impaired patients resulted from conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke, the Shanghai Observer reported on Thursday. 

BCI is a frontier interdisciplinary technology enabling information exchange between the brain and external devices. It holds broad application prosperity across healthcare, wellness and education. 

Speaking with minds is realized by decoding brain neural activity and decoding language-related brain signals is a key function of large brain models. 

Decoding brain signals related to Chinese language is much more challenging than English because Chinese has over 400 phonetic combinations due to its initials, finals, and four tones, compared to only around 50 phonemes in English, according to the report.  

With the support of the decoding technology and the high-quality intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset, researchers used their independently developed large brain model to solve the challenges posed by this complex language system. 

Currently, the large brain model achieves an accuracy of over 83 percent in recognizing Chinese initial consonants and over 84 percent for vowels, a leading level in the industry. 

During the clinical trial, the participants diagnosed of epilepsy with multiple electrodes implanted only spent 100 minutes in model training before they read aloud 54 Chinese characters. 

According to Li Meng, chief scientist of brain-inspired technology from Yansi Institute, the breakthrough in brain-computer interface technology means that a person’s thoughts can be accurately and efficiently converted into text. In the future, the technology will not only help patients with speech loss regain their ability to communicate, but also enable other capabilities through decoding brain neural activity into text – such as controlling physical intelligent devices with thoughts, interacting with the metaverse, or using multimodal large models to create paintings that transform the language in one’s mind into artwork.